A Very Easy Death: Simone de Beauvoir

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A suicide method is any means by which a person may choose to end their life. Suicide attempts do not always result in death, and a non-fatal suicide attempt can leave the person with serious physical injuries, long-term health problems, and brain damage. [1] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/palliative-care-methods-for-controlling-pain

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Solomon, Andrew (9 June 2018). "Anthony Bourdain, Kate Spade, and the Preventable Tragedies of Suicide". New Yorker . Retrieved 25 February 2021.Ritual suicide is performed in a specifically prescribed way, often as part of a cultural or religious practice. Suicide by hanging was traditionally practiced in China and the Sinosphere as a means of ensuring that one's ghost would be able to haunt and torment the powerful but unjust. Self-immolation was practiced similarly in India and spread with Dharmic religions. Some forms of suicide involve or are understood as martyrdom and are undertaken ritualistically. Sallekhana is the practice of ritualized starvation following Jain practices. Romans who considered themselves dishonored would "fall on their sword", ritualistically transfixing themselves on their swords; the similar medieval Japanese practice became known as seppuku or harakiri. [ citation needed] See also Draper argued that any definition of euthanasia must incorporate four elements: an agent and a subject; an intention; causal proximity, such that the actions of the agent lead to the outcome; and an outcome. Based on this, she offered a definition incorporating those elements, stating that euthanasia "must be defined as death that results from the intention of one person to kill another person, using the most gentle and painless means possible, that is motivated solely by the best interests of the person who dies." [17] Prior to Draper, Beauchamp and Davidson had also offered a definition that included these elements. Their definition specifically discounts fetuses to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia: [18] The third element incorporated into many definitions is that of intentionality: the death must be intended rather than accidental, and the intent of the action must be a "merciful death". [11] Michael Wreen argued that "the principal thing that distinguishes euthanasia from intentional killing simpliciter is the agent's motive: it must be a good motive insofar as the good of the person killed is concerned." [15] Similarly, Heather Draper speaks to the importance of motive, arguing that "the motive forms a crucial part of arguments for euthanasia, because it must be in the best interests of the person on the receiving end." [12] Definitions such as those offered by the House of Lords Select committee on Medical Ethics take this path, where euthanasia is defined as "a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering." [3] Beauchamp and Davidson also highlight Baruch Brody's "an act of euthanasia is one in which one person... (A) kills another person (B) for the benefit of the second person, who actually does benefit from being killed". [16]

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The rise of the euthanasia movement in the United States coincided with the so-called Gilded Age, a time of social and technological change that encompassed an "individualistic conservatism that praised laissez-faire economics, scientific method, and rationalism", along with major depressions, industrialisation and conflict between corporations and labour unions. [36] :794 It was also the period in which the modern hospital system was developed, which has been seen as a factor in the emergence of the euthanasia debate. [40] In the mid-1800s, the use of morphine to treat "the pains of death" emerged, with John Warren recommending its use in 1848. A similar use of chloroform was revealed by Joseph Bullar in 1866. However, in neither case was it recommended that the use should be to hasten death. In 1870 Samuel Williams, a schoolteacher, initiated the contemporary euthanasia debate through a speech given at the Birmingham Speculative Club in England, which was subsequently published in a one-off publication entitled Essays of the Birmingham Speculative Club, the collected works of a number of members of an amateur philosophical society. [36] :794 Williams' proposal was to use chloroform to deliberately hasten the death of terminally ill patients: Cheung, AH; Dewa, CS (2005). "Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations". Canadian Journal of Public Health. 96 (2): 131–35. doi: 10.1007/BF03403676. PMC 6975744. PMID 15850034.

Aminoshariae, A; Khan, A (May 2015). "Acetaminophen: old drug, new issues". Journal of Endodontics. 41 (5): 588–93. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.024. PMID 25732401. Charcoal-burning suicide induces death from carbon monoxide poisoning. Originally used in Hong Kong, it spread to Japan, [55] where small charcoal-burning heaters ( hibachi) or stoves ( shichirin) have been used in a sealed room. By 2001, this method accounted for 25% of deaths from suicide in Japan. [56] Nonfatal attempts can result in severe brain damage due to cerebral anoxia.

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Liptak, Adam (9 February 2008). "Electrocution Is Banned in Last State to Rely on It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008 . Retrieved 24 May 2010. Reporting on Suicide: Recommendations for the Media". American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Archived from the original on 31 October 2004 . Retrieved 25 February 2021. Tell the people you care about how you feel. Sharing your feelings will help you feel more at peace. [17] X Expert Source Peggy Rios, PhDa b c Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [645]. doi: 10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.